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Progression and Patterns of Radial Artery Calcification: Insights From Optical Coherence Tomography

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J INVASIVE CARDIOL 2025. doi:10.25270/jic/25.00193. Epub July 15, 2025.

A 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus underwent coronary intervention via distal radial artery (RA) access, guided by optical coherence tomography (OCT), for recurrent angina. A follow-up 18-cm OCT pullback of the RA was performed immediately post-procedure and compared with baseline 15-cm OCT images, which had been obtained 5 years earlier via radial access. The 2025 OCT revealed marked progression of RA calcification (Figure 1, Videos 1-4). Furthermore, in distal RA regions not included in the baseline scan, OCT revealed diverse calcification phenotypes (Figure 2, Video 5).

This case uniquely illustrates the dynamic nature of RA calcification progression and identifies calcification patterns analogous to those commonly observed in coronary arteries.

 

Figure 1
Figure 1. Calcification at baseline and follow-up: (A, B→A′, B′, arrowheads) calcification progression; (C→C′; arrowheads) cholesterol crystals grew larger and became encased in newly formed calcification, (C′; arrow) with an additional de novo calcification; (D→D′; arrow) the development of new calcification.

 

Figure 2
Figure 2. Different radial artery calcification patterns: (A, B, E-G, white arrowheads) medial spotty calcification; (B-D, H, white arrows) superficial spotty calcification; (D, E, G, yellow arrowheads) medial calcific sheets; (E, F, H, red arrows) white thrombus; (E, G, H, double arrows) mixed intimal and medial calcification; (D, F, G, white asterisks) non-eruptive calcified nodules; (G, green arrows) intact fibrous caps; and (H, red asterisks) eruptive calcified nodules.

 

 

Affiliations and Disclosures

Saiying He, MD; Jia Zhou, MD; Hao Liu, MD; Jincheng Guo, MD

From the Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University.

Disclosures: The authors report no financial relationships or conflicts of interest regarding the content herein.

Consent statement: The authors confirm that informed consent was obtained from the patient for the study and intervention described in the manuscript and to the publication of their data including any and all images.

Address for correspondence: Jincheng Guo, MD, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, China. Email: guojcmd@126.com