Obese Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A National Retrospective Trend Analysis from 2015 to 2022
Introduction/Background/Significance: Despite global decreases in overall cancer incidence, the incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) continues to increase at both national and global levels. Continued data collection on comorbid correlations remains essential for this unfortunately expanding population. We sought to examine the National Inpatient Sample database to describe in-hospital outcomes among obese patients with MM.
Materials and Methods/Case Presentation/Objective: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database from years 2015 - 2022. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients age 18 years or older with MM. We then examined the outcomes of patients who were noted to be obese, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis, multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders, and all results were powered to p< 0.001. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality and secondary outcomes were annotated accordingly.
Results/Description/Main Outcome Measures: This study included 166,713 patients with MM, of which 13,014 (7.8%) were found to be obese. Multivariate regression demonstrated that obese patients with MM had higher inpatient mortality (OR 1.054, CI 1.048-1.059). On secondary analysis, obese patients with MM were more likely to have hypertension (OR 1.101, CI 1.096-1.103), diabetes (OR 1.097, CI 1.074-1.122), chronic kidney disease (OR 1.087, CI 1.084-1.089), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; OR 1.106, CI 1.101-1.110), anemia (OR 1.084, CI 1.082-1.086), thrombocytopenia (OR 1.084, CI 1.080-1.088), non-ST-segment myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI; OR 1.076, CI 1.066-1.086), peripheral artery disease (OR 1.087, CI 1.080-1.095), deep vein thromboses (OR 1.074, CI 1.054-1.095), metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD; OR 1.200, CI 1.174-1.226), acute kidney failure (OR 1.088, CI 1.085-1.091), severe liver disease (OR 1.081, CI 1.073-1.089), all-cause arrhythmias (OR 1.089, CI 1.084-1.095), all-cause shock (OR 1.077, CI 1.066-1.088), cardiogenic shock (OR 1.062, CI 1.047-1.077), and utilization of vasopressors (OR 1.077, CI 1.065-1.089).
Conclusions: In this nationally representative, population-based retrospective cohort trend analysis, patients with MM and obesity were associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes.
