Nearly Half of Patients With Gout Have Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is present in nearly half of patients with gout worldwide, according to a new systematic review and meta-analysis.
Investigators analyzed 19 studies comprising 23 datasets published through November 2023 to estimate the global prevalence of MetS among patients with gout. Using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity, the pooled prevalence of MetS in gout was 46.8% (95% CI, 38.6–55.2%). Reported prevalence across individual studies ranged widely, reflecting differences in populations and diagnostic criteria.
Regional analyses showed marked geographic variation. The highest prevalence was observed in the Americas, where 60.6% (95% CI, 44.8–74.5%) of patients with gout met criteria for MetS. Differences were also seen based on the diagnostic tool used. Studies applying the International Diabetes Federation criteria reported the highest prevalence, at 54.6%, suggesting that case definitions substantially influence estimates.
The authors noted that “evidence increasingly supports the association of gout with metabolic syndrome,” with prior studies reporting prevalence rates ranging from 17% to more than 70%. By synthesizing available data, the current analysis provides a more precise global estimate and confirms that MetS is common in this population.
For rheumatologists, the findings have direct clinical implications. Nearly one in two patients with gout may also have coexisting cardiometabolic risk factors, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose regulation. These conditions not only contribute to long-term cardiovascular risk but may also complicate gout management and outcomes.
The authors concluded that “MetS is common among gout patients,” and emphasized that health systems should address this overlap through “appropriate and timely treatment and training.” For clinicians, this supports routine screening for metabolic syndrome components in patients with gout and closer collaboration with primary care and cardiology colleagues.
The key takeaway is that gout should prompt evaluation beyond serum urate and flare control. Identifying and managing metabolic syndrome in this high-risk population may help reduce downstream morbidity and health care costs while improving overall patient outcomes.
Reference
Heidarian P, Jalali A, Shirzadi A, Jalali R, Ezzati E. Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health. 2025;31(3):879-889. doi:10.1177/02601060251323013
