Understanding the Rare Combination of May-Thurner Syndrome and Arteriovenous Fistula

This quiz is based on the case report "May-Thurner Syndrome Masking Concomitant Arteriovenous Fistula: A Deadly Combination With Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges" by Kheda et al. May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS) is a vascular condition characterized by the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, often leading to venous outflow obstruction and thrombosis. Although MTS typically presents with symptoms related to venous hypertension or deep vein thrombosis, it can occasionally coexist with an arteriovenous fistula, a rare but clinically significant finding. Understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment approach to this uncommon combination is critical for effective patient management.